Bit having tangential blades



J. c. REESE I I 1,809,182

June 9, 1931.

. ATT'O Patented June 9.1931

UNITED -STATES PAT- ur "OFFICE mssn c. REESE, or monrnnnmo; cnmronmm-assrenon'ro msnjmwmnnnma I commmr L'rn, A CORPORATION or NEVADA IBI'I. HAVING TANGENTIAL BLADES Application med February is, 1929. Serial No. 340,725.

are used for drilling wells in the rotary 1 system of drilling.

-My invention consists ,of a bit in which one or more blades are eccentrically disposed on opposite sides of the axis of the bit. The blades are'disposed so that'there is a slicing cuttingaction and are further disposed so that the cuttings will not collect in front of the cutting edges. The preferred form of my invention presented herein combines various features which may be used separate- 1 and I do not .wish to be understood as limiting myself to a bit including every feature described.

According to present well-drilling practice, a bit is secured to the lower end of a I drill pipe. This drill pipe extends through a rotary table of a rotary machine installed in a derrickof the well. A swivel head is attached tothe upper end of the drill pipe which extends above the rotary table, and a traveling block is hooked thereto for supporting the drill ipe. A flexible hose extends from a stan -pipe of a high pressure pump to the swivel head for supplying rotary mud to the rotar bit, this rotary mud passing. through the rill pipe.

The rotary table rotatably drives the drill pipe and the bit is revolved'therewith. This bit being in engagement with the bottom of the hole, deepens the well. The rotary mud for carrymg t e cuttings to the to o e well. t also serves the purpose 0 preventing caveins and floating the drill pipe from engagement with the wall of the well so that friction is reduced to a minimum. From a close observation of the actions of the types of rotary bits in common use in the oil fields I have discerned that many of the difiiculties encountered in drilling are a direct result of the theory on which these bits operate.

It is an object of this invention to provide f a bit which overcomes many of the deficiencies of the ordinary fish-tail bit.

It is an object of the invention to provide a bit having a very lon cutting edge over which the wear is distri uted. The ordinary fish-tail bit hasbl'adeslo of Fig. 1. Y

cated with their cutting edges in planes perpendicular to the direction of movement.

' The cutting edges therefore cut by a scrapin action. I

t is an ob'ect of my invention to provide a bit in which the cutting edges aredisposed to have a shearing or slicing cutting action.

Another deficiency of the type of bit referred to is that the cuttings collect in' front of the cuttin edges. This prevents proper washing of t e cutting edges and impedes the cutting action.

A further object of my invention is to provide a bit in which the cuttings will not collectin' front of the cutting edges.

Other objects and advantages of the'invention will be made toappear in the followin description.

he inventionis best illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is an elevational view. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3' is a sectlon t ken on the line 3-3 Referring to the drawings in detail, the

bit of my invention has a body 11, the upper end. of which is provided with a threaded pin 12 which serves as a means of attaching it to a string of drill ipe. Formed at the lower' part of the bo y' 11 and extending.

outward therefrom at the opposite sides thereof are side extensions 13. The lower end of the body 11 is rounded as indicated at 14 and ro ecting downward from this In the preferred form of m invention, as

illustrated herein, the contra blade '15 is in upward toward the center of rotation of the bit, in order to form an-inverted V.

Depending from the body of the bit adjacent to the central blade 15 are intermediate blades 17, and depending from the extensions 13 outside 0 and adjacent to the intermediate blades 17 are outer blades '18. The central,- intermediate, and outer blades are centrally disposed on a center line AA,

lower roun ed end 14 is a central blade 15.

' ate blades 17 V which extends in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the bit. As shownbest in Fig. 2, spaces 19 are formed between the central blade 15 and the intermediate blades 17, and passages 20 are formed be-' tween the intermediate blades 17 and the outer blades 18. Formed at the outer ends of the'side extensions 13 are reaming blades 21.

The blades 17 and 18 have cutting edges 23 and v24 respectively, which are arranged on planes indicated by-the lines B B and C C respectively, each pair of these lines B-B and C-C being parallel to each other.

The bit is adapted,to rotate in a direction indicated by the arrow 25 of Fig. 2. It will be seen therefore that the leading end 26 of each cutting edge 23 and 24 is fartheraway from the axis of rotation of'the bit than is the trailing end 27 of each cutting edge. The intermediate portions of the cutting edges 23 and 24 extend between the leading andtrailing ends. By reasonof the posi- 2'5 tions of these cutting edges 23 and24 the cutting edges will have a shearing or slicing cutting action on the bottom of the hole. It

is well recognized in various industries that a shearing or slicing cutting action is much more eflicient th. n a scraping action.

The body of the bit is provided with a central passage 30 to the lower end of which are connected inner ducts 31 and'outer ducts 32. The inner ducts connect to the lower end of the body of the bit adjacent the central blade 15 and are adapted to wash the cutting edges thereof. The outer ducts 32 connect to the bottom of the body of the bit between the intermediate and outer blades and are adapted to direct fluid against the inner faces of the outer blades in order to wash the cutting edges 24 thereof.

When the bit is placed in operation the central blade cuts in somewhat the same manner as the blades in the ordinary fishtail bit. However, in view of the fact that the central blade is only at the central part of the bit, the scraping action is not very great, and furthermore, due to its central position, the travel of the blade is much less than the travel of the blades positioned at 'is a very desirable feature of the invention because it increases the cutting efliciency of the bit and permits the rotary mud to come into contact with the cutting edges and to cool them. The reaming blades 21 act on the outer cylindrical wall of the hole and ream the hole to size;

In the appended claims the intermediate and outer blades will be referred to as having tangential cutting edges. By the term tangential I shall mean cuttin edges disposed on the lines B-B and C- which extend at acute angles with respect to the center line AA and which are tangential to the imaginary circles generated aroundthe axis of rotation of the bit such as indicated by dotted lines 35 and 36.

The desi n of bit shown herein is the preferred orm and embodies all the features of the invention. It is possible, however, to construct the bit utilizing certain of the features; therefore, I wish my invention to be construed as defined in the appended claims which broadly cover different'features which constitute my invention in its entirety. 1 l g I claim as my 5 invention:'

1. In a bit for drilling oil-wells, the combination of: a body; a central blade depend ing from said body; intermediate tangential blades depending from said bodyon opposite sides of said central blade; and outer tangential blades depending from said body on a diameter greater'than the diameter on which said intermediate blades are positioned, said central, intermediate, and oute blades being disposed on a single horizontally center line and having their cutting edges so disposed that the paths traversed thereby overlap.

2. In a bit for drilling oil-wells, the combination of: a body; acentral blade depending from said body; intermediate tangential blades depending from said body on opposite sides of said central blade; and outer A tangential blades depending from sald body on a diameter greater than the diameter on which said intermediate blades are positioned,

there'being spaces formed between said central blade and said intermediate blades and other aces between said intermediate blades and said outer blades, said central, intermediate, and'outer blades being disposed on av single horizontal center line and having their cutting edges so dis osed that the paths traversed thereby over ap.

3. A bit of the character described, in-

cluding: a body having inner and outer tangential blades projectin downwardly, said blades having the cumu ative length of their cuttin 1 edges greater than'the diameter of said %it and having the leadingends of their cutting edges a greater radial distance from the axis of rotation than the trailing ends of their. cutting ed es, said cutting edges being disposed so t at they all contain a single" plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and said blades being formed so that the paths traversed by ad'acent blades overlap, and said outer bla es having vertical leading edges adapted to cut with a reaming action.

4. A bit of the character described, including: a body having inner and outer tan-' gential blades projecting downwardly in a single diametral plane, said blades having the cumulative length of their-cutting edges greater than the diameter of said bit and aving the leading ends of their cutting edges a greater radial distance from the axis cutting edges, said cuttin of rotation than the trailing ends of their disposed in a plane perpen icular to the axis of rotation that the paths traversed thereby overlap, and said outer blades having vertical leading edges adapted to cut with a reaming action.

5. A bit of the character described, including: a body having inner and outer tangential blades projecting downwardly in a single diametral plane, said blades having the cumulative length of their cutting] edges reater than the diameter of said it and aving the leading ends of their cutting edges a reater radial distance from the axis of rotation than the trailing ends of their cutting edges, said cutting edges being so disposed in a plane perpendicular to the axis or rotation that the paths traversed thereby overlap, and said outer blades having vertical leading edges adapted to cut with a reaming action; and reaming elements projecting laterally from said body.

In testimon whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at 0s Angeles, California, this 11th day of February, 1929.

ESSE C. REESE,

edges being so- Q 

